Geotechnical monitoring

Piezometric monitoring is a method of monitoring groundwater levels and pressure using piezometers, specialized devices installed in boreholes.

The main goal of this monitoring is to assess hydrogeological conditions, which is crucial for the safety of building structures, especially foundations, tunnels, and excavations. Piezometers can detect changes in groundwater levels and hydrostatic pressure, allowing for preventive measures to be taken against subsidence, seepage deformation, flooding, and landslides.

Extensometer monitoring is the process of continuously or periodically monitoring linear strains (elongation or contraction) of tested materials or structures. This allows for the assessment of material response to loading, the determination of its mechanical properties, and the monitoring of structural stability over time. It is used both for monitoring structural elements and monitoring subsoil deformation.

In soil environments, extensometers are used to precisely measure soil settlement and consolidation under the influence of loads. They enable the determination of settlement magnitudes at various depths, allowing for the analysis of subsoil deformation mechanisms. In the case of unstable slopes, extensometers monitor earth mass displacements, providing early warning of potential landslides. These instruments can operate in various orientations, adapting to the directions of expected displacements.

Anchor and nail load sensors monitor the stress in ground anchors, rock anchors, and stays by measuring the load in the form of force generated at the head via a calibrated pressure gauge, strain gauges, or electronic pressure transducers. Sensor versions equipped with electronic transducers allow for remote measurements and automatic data archiving. These sensors are crucial for ensuring the safety and quality control of structures based on anchors and nails.

Groundwater chemical monitoring involves collecting and analyzing samples to assess the chemical status of groundwater and detect contamination. This monitoring involves systematic field measurements of physicochemical parameters (e.g., temperature, pH) and more complex laboratory analyses. Sampling frequency and scope are defined, and the results are used to assess the impact of human activity, identify threats, and implement protective measures.

3D surveying laser scanning is a modern measurement method that uses a laser beam to rapidly capture millions of points on the surface of objects and terrain with an accuracy of 1 millimeter, creating a dense three-dimensional point cloud with known XYZ coordinates.

This technology revolutionizes traditional surveying, enabling the quick and precise creation of detailed CAD models, elevation maps, and technical documentation of even the most complex engineering structures, buildings, and extensive topographical areas.

Laser scanning is used in building inventories, monitoring construction progress, detecting structural deformations, and creating digital twins of objects, significantly accelerating the measurement process while maintaining the highest precision.

Drone photogrammetry is an advanced technology that creates precise maps and 3D models using a series of aerial photographs, which are then processed using specialized software.

This technology is revolutionizing construction monitoring and surveying, offering accuracy comparable to traditional methods while significantly reducing time and providing access to difficult-to-reach areas. Drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and RTK systems enable regular monitoring of construction progress, creating orthophotomaps, and detailed 3D models with centimeter resolution, making them an ideal tool for infrastructure supervision and technical documentation.