Structural monitoring
Inclinometers
Electronic inclinometers are advanced sensors used in structural monitoring to precisely measure the tilt and rotation of building structures. Modern electronic inclinometers utilize MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) technology, which relies on measuring gravitational acceleration as a reference point. Unlike optical methods, which require good visibility, inclinometers utilize the gravity vector, which is always available and available everywhere. These devices represent a modern alternative to traditional optical methods, offering improved reliability in challenging environmental conditions.
Hydroleveling
Hydroleveling is one of the most accurate surveying methods for precisely determining height differences between points, based on the principle of communicating vessels.
In this type of system, a fluid (often water) fills a network of interconnected sensors, whose task is to measure the vertical displacements of engineering structures in real time.
Currently used automated hydroleveling systems allow for the continuous monitoring of settlements and uplifts, which is used, for example, in underground construction.
Feeler gauges
A feeler gauge is a precise measuring tool used to measure gap widths and distances between structural elements.
They have a wide range of applications, and their types range from very simple disc feeler gauges to three-way automatic feeler gauges.
Strain gauges
Strain gauge monitoring of buildings involves the precise measurement of stresses and strains in structural elements using strain gauge sensors, which convert mechanical strains into electrical signals.
This system enables continuous monitoring of loads acting on bridges, viaducts, skyscrapers, and industrial buildings, enabling early detection of overloads and potential structural damage.
Strain gauge measurements are extremely sensitive, enabling the analysis of microscopic changes that can serve as warning signals of more serious technical problems.
Vibration monitoring
Vibration monitoring involves the use of specialized sensors and recorders to continuously measure parameters such as acceleration, velocity, and displacement of building or ground vibrations.
Measurements are typically taken in three perpendicular directions and compared with permissible values defined by standards to protect structures and ensure user comfort.
Monitoring results are used to detect threats and assess the impact of traffic, industrial, and construction vibrations on the technical condition and safety of buildings.
Pressure sensors
Pressure sensors are specialized geotechnical devices used to monitor forces exerted by soil or other materials on engineering structures.
These instruments are essential for monitoring foundation walls, tunnel linings, and other underground structures. Pressure sensors are commonly used to monitor forces acting on deep foundations and retaining walls. They enable verification of design assumptions regarding the magnitude of earth pressure. In tunnel monitoring, pressure sensors are embedded in segments, concrete linings, or installed on the structure's surface.
Modern solutions include systems with sensors embedded in the concrete during segment production, which allows for monitoring changes in radial stresses within the lining, helping to assess its stability.
